An Approach to Productive Feedback for Teachers Essay

An Approach to Productive Feedback for Teachers - Essay Example First and foremost, Krissia Martinez started her article by presenting the struggle that teachers face, of which after an observation, became a required part of their evaluation systems in many states and districts. The author believes that there is a relationship between feedback and conversations, potentially the related coaching and teacher’s performance evaluations. In addition, the author believes that the relationship makes teachers weary and anxious, feeling threatened during classroom observations. Of course, anyone could feel the same if the observations are based on a certain area with no clear protocols, useful feedback or coaching ways with no helpful information and professional support (Martinez, 1). Also, Krissia Martinez explained the reasons that make teachers struggle during classroom observations. Then, she provides strategies to enhance the post-observation feedback conversation by The Carnegie Foundation, which is the key point of her article. The various strategies include an individual starting a conversation with a positive statement; good listening skills, addressing teacher’s concerns, co-developing next steps, and sequencing the conversation into a predictable format (Martinez,

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Read an article - Essay Example Rothbard presumes that these critiques will be adequate in countering Nozick’s effort to rationalize the state (Rothbard 45). This paper will analyze both Rothbard’s criticisms and Nozick’s ideas against which it is imposed. The evealuation will be based on comparing both Rothbard’s and Nozick’s arguments. Rothbard asserts that Nozick is attempting to conceal his views by not providing evidence of a state that was established or advanced using Nozick views. Rothbard argues that Nozick has not provided any evidence regarding the history of definite States. In contrast, the historical proof points to different arguments. In all the States with adequate facts, they developed by a course of exploitation, violence, and conquest. In arguing that States could have been formed without violating the rights of people, Nozick ignores the probability of exploitation, violence, and conquest, as argued by Rothbard. Therefore, there can be no justification for Noz ick’s existing States because they are presumed to arise from flawless origins and there is none which is in existence. This means that Rothbard is correct in asserting that States develop through a course of exploitation, violence, and conquest and not flawless, as asserted by Nozick’s views (Rothbard 45). ... This may be perceived to be wrong because all individuals have a sense of self-ownership and, therefore, cannot give up their rights so as to be involved in a compulsory agreement. If all people are naturally independent, free, and hold intrinsic rights, they cannot enter into a contract with the State for the sole purpose of developing the State (Rothbard 46). Rothbard goes on to assess the Nozickian stages, specifically the supposed obligation and the morality of the manners in which the different stages progress from the initial ones. Nozick starts by presuming that every anarchist protective organization functions in a moral and non-aggressive way. In Rothbard views, Nozick presumes that all protective organizations would necessitate that all of its customers relinquish the right of reprisal against aggression, by declining to safeguard them against counter-reprisal. In arguing in this manner, Nozick is incorrect because he assumes the responsibilities of different protection org anizations, participating in the market, and is undoubtedly not obvious (Rothbard 46). He neglects the probability of the protective agencies being out-done by different organizations that do not constrain their clients in a similar manner. In addition, Nozick talks about disagreements among customers of dissimilar protection agencies. He provides three situations of how they might advance. Nonetheless, two of these situations entail physical encounters among the agencies. Rothbard claims that these conditions oppose Nozick’s personal presumptions of nonaggressive behavior and good faith by his organizations. Nonetheless, Rothbard’s claim that it would be illogical to suppose the protective agencies would tackle each other in a physical way

Examples of Unethical Experiments

Examples of Unethical Experiments Section 1 HISTORICAL CASES Nazi Experimentations –Testing the effectiveness of sulfanilamide and other drugs in curbing infections. ETHICAL PRINCIPLES NOT MET: Respect for Human dignity Informed Consent Privacy Respect for Vulnerable persons Minimizing harm and maximizing benefit The persons involved in these experiments, were Human beings. Their privacy was invaded by these Nazi doctors. There was coercion – they did not have a say in terms of what was being done to them. Having battlefield wounds being inflicted, was not a voluntary decision by these people. Since the doctors in Nazi Germany were guided by utilitarian moral principles, they did not need to consider informed consent. Experiments were conducted with no considerations for the wellbeing of the subject from the possibilities of injury, disability, or death. In these experiments the subjects experienced extreme pain, resulting in permanent injury, mutilation, or death. Respect for these subjects in the eyes of the Nazis was not a priority, as they were seen to be â€Å"Less-Human.† These people were vulnerable to the Nazis, and to whatever was being done to them. Minimizing harm was not a consideration that was taken by the nazi medics. However, even though it was for the Germans be nefit, it was torture for the Jewish and Non-German people. There is no way in which this experiment can be reconstructed to become an ethical process. However, since it was geared towards finding cures for those wounded in battle, what can be a possible suggestion is that, instead of using those innocent people and inflicting battle wounds, the wounded casualties should have been used instead, with consent ofcourse, to find those possible remedies for infections. Another senario, would have been to take blood samples of infected persons, again with consent, and test with appropriate apparatus/equipments to find cures. Tuskegee Syphilis Study- Learning more about syphillis and its treatment, especially for blacks in the U.S. This study had good intentions. However, it shifted from helping persons with the disease to becoming a study about the effects of untreated Syphilis on live patients. At the time, the â€Å"couloureds† had no access to medical care. This study was more or less based on Deception. ETHICAL PRINCIPLES NOT MET: Respect for Human Dignity Informed Consent Respect for vulnerable persons minimizing harm and maximizing benefit Independence of research and conflicts of interest or partiality must be explicit. The participants in this study were not informed that they were more or less test subjects, and the doctors were more interested in the results of their autopsies. It is more accurate to say however that they were informed, but rather misinformed, and not notified that the disease they were being treated for was indeed serious and possibly fatal. â€Å"The duration of the experiment was so long that the study violated two laws that were passed since its beginning. The Henderson Act of 1943, which requires the testing and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases, and the World Health Organizations (W.H.O.) Declaration of Helsinki of 1964, which requires professionals to provide informed consent on all medical experiments that researched effects on people (Brunner, 2009). Despite the passing of these laws the doctors involved in the study not only withheld information from these men, but also deliberately misinformed them and prevented them from seeking alternative methods of effective treatment.† (Amaris Joy, 2011) How can this process be revised, so as to become more ethical? Participants need to be informed and not mislead about the study. Researchers should not maximize harm to obtain maximum benefit The rights of Human beings/dignity should be of a high priority Research should be made explicit Blood samples should have been taken, with consent and with the person being throughly informed, and then be analysed for a cure, thereby not using the individual and having him/her prone to any harm. Since penicilin was used to counter the disease, it should have been enforced. The government should have been aware that the study was going on after they found the penicilin cure and should have shut down the study. They should have been more aware of what was going on. The Willowbrook Study ETHICAL PRINCIPLES NOT MET: Respect for Vulnerable persons Respect for Human dignity Witholding information about risks Coercion or undue pressure on parents to volunteer their children. Willowbrook State School, located in Staten Island, is a school for retarded children, which in 1956, agreed to participate in a research experiment to determine the course of the hepatitis virus and whether or not gamma globulin (a protein complex which contains antigens to provoke the body to produce antibodies) could be used to inoculate children against the virus. How can this process be revised, so as to become more ethical? A series of Blood samples of those infected or who have now enrolled to the school, could have been taken with parents informed consent at different phases, and analysed with the various methods to find the cure. Children should not be taken for experimentation without their consent or parents consent children should not have been used as test subjects at all. Laud Humphrey, 1960s, Washington University (PhD diss) Tearoom Sex Study The study planned first to obtain information about homosexual practices in public restrooms and then to conduct further investigation on the men who took part in the acts. The researcher went undercover and gained the confidence of the men by acting as a look out. The researcher identified 100 active subjects by tracing their car license numbers. A year after he completed the initial study of direct observation of homosexual acts the researcher distributed a social health survey throughout the communities where he knew the subjects lived. ETHICAL PRINCIPLES NOT MET: Respect for privacy and confidentiality Respect for vulnerable persons Ensuring research was conducted in the best interest of society Respect for free and informed consent How can this process be revised, so as to become more ethical? What Laud Humphrey should have done, was not to pry on peoples privacy, but interview those who were willing to go along with his study, who found themselves in that category. Questionaires/Surveys done with confidentiality could have been done instead, being distributed to various communities. Section 2-Report THE UNIVERSITY OF RED BRICKS WARRENVILLE CAMPUS Research Ethics Board March 11, 2014 Dr. Researcha, University of Red Bricks, Warrenville Campus. Re: Approval report on the research proposal requested by Dr. Geographia. Dear Dr. Researcha, As an external reviewer of Dr. Geographias study of community vulnerability to natural disasters, I have approved the complete protocol, â€Å"Strategies of the richest and most famous: Minimizing vulnerability to Earthquakes and other Natural Disasters in Trinidad and Tobago.† The Project is scheduled to last twenty-four months, which includes the areas of Warrenville and surroundings, commencing on May 5, 2014. Dr. Geographia, is very experienced in this area of study, has published in peer reviewed journals, and has many books published in the subject area of natural hazards and risk perceptions. The protocol involves no special populations in particular, thereby reducing the ethical principle of subject vulnerability. The pupose of the proposed research is limited only to the social elite, being approximately five percent and not to socio-economically disadvantaged groups. According to the proposal read, this study seeks to disclose the resources, networks, and strategies of the countrys wealthiest and apply the results gained to formulate a â€Å"trickle-down† mobilization stategy. In emulating societys elite, this can strengthen the socially disadvantaged in coping with natural hazards. The study incorporates views and community perceptions.Quantitative methods such as blood sampling, laboratory usage, and other sampling experiments and analysis will not be performed. The study is a Qualitative study. Research material will be obtained through semi-structured interview via researchers within the residents homes, taped and transcibed, completed in the participants homes for their comfort, in keeping with ensuring research is conducted in the best interest of the society as a whole. The ethical principle of Privacy and confidentiality will therefore not be compromised as the study demands the highest discretions due to the wealth status of the individuals participating. Respect for free and informed consent, will be adhered, since once the participant decides to take part, their verbal consent will be recorded, and therefore a consent form will not be necessary. Data will be collated and analyzed in order to formulate applications to prevent loss and vulnerability among the poorest in the Region. Her study in no way violates any other ethical principles such as respect for human dignity, confidentiality, justice, and respect for minimizing harm and maximising benefit. No harm is done to the participants in the study. It has minimal to no risks involved. Benefits are obtained, when results are obtained and analyzed accordingly. The proposal is a more or less cost effective study. Whatever expences are required, are thereby funded by Right Hand Left Hand Insurance Group. A suggestion that I would recommend, is that Dr. Geographia should incorporate in her study, the views and opinions of the Poor. The study should be revised to incorporate the poor, although the main focus is on the social elite. The perspectives of the socio-economically disadvantage will add leverage to her study, and a deeper understanding of their own responces to natural hazards can be contrasted and compared to that of the social elite. Sincerly, _________________________ TARA TRISHA MANNIE. EXTERNAL REVIEWER

The beach :: essays research papers

Review from Los Angeles Times Book Review, 02/02/1997: "[A]rresting though no masterpiece....Garland's message is complex and acute. The self-indulgence of a generation of young Westerners--seeking isolated and well-funded paradises and ignoring the miseries and needs around them--can itself breed monsters. There is more than one kind of Vietnam....The reader's suspense in this intelligently conceived and often effective novel, may consist more in wondering what the author will do than in what his characters will do." -- Richard Eder Review from Times Literary Supplement, 10/18/96: "This exceptional first novel by...Alex Garland creates a picture of an ideal society gone awry through the heady conjunction of a secret beach on an island in southeast Asia and a cultural breadth of reference determined by pop songs, the Vietnam War, and Nintendo Gameboys." -- Giles Foden First Line: Vietnam, me love you long time. All day, all night, me love you long time. "Delta One-Niner, this is Alpha patrol. We are on the northeast face of hill Seven-Zero-Five and taking fire. Immediate air assistance required..." Publishers note The Khao San Road, Bangkok--first stop for the hordes of rootless young Westerners traveling in Southeast Asia. On Richard's first night there, in a low-budget guest house, a fellow traveler slashes his wrists, bequeath to Richard a meticulously drawn map to "the Beach." The Beach, as Richard has come to learn, is the subject of a legend among young travelers in Asia: a lagoon hidden from the sea, with white sand and coral gardens, freshwater falls surrounded by jungle, plants untouched for a thousand years. There, it is rumoured, a carefully selected international few have settled in a communal Eden. Haunted by the figure of Mr. Duck--the name by which the Thai police have identified the dead man--and his own obsession with Vietnam movies, Richard sets off with a young French couple to an island hidden away in an forbidden to tourists. The beach :: essays research papers Review from Los Angeles Times Book Review, 02/02/1997: "[A]rresting though no masterpiece....Garland's message is complex and acute. The self-indulgence of a generation of young Westerners--seeking isolated and well-funded paradises and ignoring the miseries and needs around them--can itself breed monsters. There is more than one kind of Vietnam....The reader's suspense in this intelligently conceived and often effective novel, may consist more in wondering what the author will do than in what his characters will do." -- Richard Eder Review from Times Literary Supplement, 10/18/96: "This exceptional first novel by...Alex Garland creates a picture of an ideal society gone awry through the heady conjunction of a secret beach on an island in southeast Asia and a cultural breadth of reference determined by pop songs, the Vietnam War, and Nintendo Gameboys." -- Giles Foden First Line: Vietnam, me love you long time. All day, all night, me love you long time. "Delta One-Niner, this is Alpha patrol. We are on the northeast face of hill Seven-Zero-Five and taking fire. Immediate air assistance required..." Publishers note The Khao San Road, Bangkok--first stop for the hordes of rootless young Westerners traveling in Southeast Asia. On Richard's first night there, in a low-budget guest house, a fellow traveler slashes his wrists, bequeath to Richard a meticulously drawn map to "the Beach." The Beach, as Richard has come to learn, is the subject of a legend among young travelers in Asia: a lagoon hidden from the sea, with white sand and coral gardens, freshwater falls surrounded by jungle, plants untouched for a thousand years. There, it is rumoured, a carefully selected international few have settled in a communal Eden. Haunted by the figure of Mr. Duck--the name by which the Thai police have identified the dead man--and his own obsession with Vietnam movies, Richard sets off with a young French couple to an island hidden away in an forbidden to tourists.

Keystone XL pipeline Essay

Keystone XL pipeline will be great for United States economy because it will bring more taxes to government from oil companies and public. However, the effect on the environment, economy and residents of America are destructive. The things through which people and environment will be affected are: Water, forest destruction, disease. First, the Keystone XL pipeline would travel through rivers such as Missouri river, Yellowstone, and Red rivers. Two million of population is depended on these rivers for drinking water. If somehow oil spill into these river, it would be a great disaster because people will be out of water until is completely clean again. Also, there marine life will die because of oil which will affect the business of the marine industry. In short, Keystone Xl pipeline will become expense for government. The expenses would be greater than the taxes gathered by the Keystone Xl pipeline Second, In the process of digging up tar sands oil, the forests are destroyed. As fores t plays an important role to protect environment by consuming Carbon dioxide and providing oxygen for human and animals. The more oil means more emission of Carbon dioxide and less forest to make clean environment. In addition, Animals will die or will travel to different areas which will impact the environment of that area. Because all animals play part in the environment: some help to provide food for humans, some help in the cycle of different nutrients throughout the ecosystem, and others help to speed up decomposition. Third, the location where tars sands oil is extracted has increased the rates of Cancer in surrounding areas. For example, â€Å"In the lakeside village of Fort Chipewyan[..] 100 of the town’s 1,200 residents have died from cancer.†(Foe) If spoil spill in American communities it will also increase cancer in American population. Country’s biggest asset is its people. If citizens are not healthy then they are unable to work which ultimately will have negative impact on the country’s economy. All in all, United States will have disastrous impact on its environment, economy, and residents.

Pepsi vs Coke

ABSTRACT Soft drinks are playing the vital role in the market and the companies are also getting the good profits on these products. The soft drinks industry has originated in 1772. Now these drinks spread all over the world and the millions of bottles is consumed every day. Now this business is a global one and the companies are facing high competition in this business and they are changing their strategies according to the situations. Pearl Beverages Pvt. Ltd. Takes a great care to maintain quality control of products in their factory. The bottles are visually examined for impurities continuously, as the bottles move out.Samples are checked every ten minutes of production time by the chemist for its quality and hygienic condition. The chemical analysis is also flavours, gas contain and sugar percentage. The appearance, smell and taste of the production are suspended and the correcting measures are taken also as to sent right the bottling process. The main objective of the study is to find out the strength and weakness of the Pepsi in visakhapatnam zone when compared to the Coca-cola, that is mainly in the three places in Srikakulam district i. e. Srikakulam, Narasannapeta, and Amadalavalasa .Consulting almost all the outlets in these three areas, which are selling the soft drinks with a structured questionnaire, has done the study. The data has been collected and analyzed and interpreted by the help of the graphical representation technique. The analysis revels the various strengths and weaknesses of Pepsi in these areas along with the position of competitors. The most of the consumers preferred soft drinks because of better taste and to quench out their thrust. But now days, due to the changing food habits consumers have started adding the soft drinks in their food habits.The total sales of the soft drinks the Pepsi’s share is more but when compared with the Cock the number of outlets are less than Cock. Finally it can be concluded that the industry n eeds lot of channel management activities to do along with various promotional strategies for the customers. I wish the company got its objectives achieved CONTENTS Chapter NoTitle Page No 1. INTRODUCTION & DESIGN OF THE STUDY 1. 1 About the Marketing topic 1. 2 Need of the Study 1. 3 Hypothesis 1. Objective of the Study 1. 5 Research Methodology 1. 6 Limitations of the Study 1. 7 Chapter Plan of the Study 2. ORGANIZATION PROFILE 2. 1 Genesis and Growth 2. 2 Organization Structure 2. 3 Production Function 2. 4 HR Function 2. 5 Finance Function 2. 6 Marketing Function 2. 7 Future Plans 3. THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK 3. 1 Introduction 3. 2 Topic Coverage 3. 3 How it relates to Marketing Management 3. 4 Measuring Performance 4.DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION 5. SUMMARY & SUGGESTIONS 5. 1 Summary 5. 2 Major findings 5. 3 Suggestions 5. 4 Implications for Owners / Managers 5. 5 conclusions 5. 6 Scope for the Future research 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY & QUESTIONNAIRE 6. 1 Bibliography 6. 2 Questionnaire CH APTER-1 Introduction & Design of the Study 1. 1 INTRODUCTION In this chapter various accepts of study are going to be discussed. To which area of management that study belongs to and various concepts that are related the area of study.The present outcomes under marketing and deals in the specific with the distribution network and its management. PEPSI COLA was in India from 1956-61 and left the country, as its products were not acceptable by the Indian customers. But recently in 1990 it re-entered the Indian market, where by PEPSI FOODS LIMITED was entered into a joint venture with PEPSI INTERNATIONAL, TATA and VOLTAS. PEPSI Bottlers and Producers of soft drinks buy concentrate and sell at fixed price and add a margin rationally for its products. 1. 2 NEED OF THE STUDY In modern days, market plays a vital role in rapidly changing industrial scenario.The marketing decline is under going reappraisal in the light of vast goals, technological, economic and social changes being faced by the today companies. The order to known the changes in the field of marketing it are necessary to conduct market survey. Study is conducted considering the following accepts: Firstly, visage is a representative of soft drink market which is highly promoting with a lot of potential which is at to be tapped. Secondly the behavior of the retailer is very much influenced by the additional benefits he is getting for selling the products having.Thirdly to understand the market condition of the soft drinks in the present scenario and the competition level in the market. Considered the key role of the retailer in present day market as an attempt was made to study the impact of company’s schemes of offering coolers to the retailers. 1. 3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY There is lot of scope for the further study in the project. Further study can be done in the following ways. ? We can make a study on Pepsi and Cock companies’ efficiency in their promotion activities. ? The same study can be conducted in other areas under bottling unit to generalize the finding for entire area under it. There is chance to know whether the Pepsi and Cock are doing the right thing regarding the sales promotion, product quality, discounts and advertising. ? A study on impact of visit coolers sales of Pepsi also be taken up. 1. 4 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY In view of intensifying competition in soft drink market, it is imperative that a brand keeps a constant, which on them market and response properly and promptly to the dynamics of the market. It is in view of this fact has the present study has been taken up for â€Å"PEPSI†. ? To know and compare the merchandising of Pepsi and Cock in retail outlets. To know the promotional activities of sales promotion, advertising and public relations. ? To know the strategy of Pepsi and its competitors regarding the Marketing Mix. ? To know the problems of retailers regarding the trade schemes and consumer offers. ? To identify the retailers opin ion towards Pepsi products. ? To know the problems of retailers and to offer the suggestion for improving in sales. 1. 5 METHODOLOGY Introduction: In this chapter, basically the methodology, by which the report has been prepared, is explained. The exact need for conducting the study and total design of framework of the report prepared is discussed.The limitations of the study are also discussed here. According to the survey beverages can be classified into two segments. The first segment can be done basing on the milk content, like milk based products like tea, coffee, flavoured milk, and health drinks (milk, malt and coco) and the second segment can be done on non-milk products such as soft drinks and mineral water. According to the survey conducted on the consumption of beverages, Tea comprises 90%, filtered coffee 4%, beverages 2%, instant coffee 2% and carbonated soft drinks just above 1% of total consumption. Soft drinks industry is a well known consumer product industry.It ori ginated in the year 1772. In the USA first bottled soda was manufactured, by inventing a machine in 1809, the manufacturing of carbonated soft drink was recorded in the history of soft drink industry. Now a days soft drink industry is growing very extensively and millions of people are consuming soft drinks everyday. Age, income, and climate are not at all a barrier for the consuming soft drinks by the people. This is the reason for the tremendous growth in soft drink market. Data which is required for the analysis and fulfillment of our objectives has been collected from two sources.They are 1. Primary sources 2. Secondary sources PRIMARY DATA: Primary data is collected from the retailers through a structured questionnaire. It includes the first hand information from the outlets. It can view as a survey. The questionnaire was especially designed to find out the market share of the soft drinks and problems and weakness of Pepsi in that particular area. The chapter deals with main an alysis part of the study and the dealer outlets covered in the study is ? Srikakulam ? Narasannapeta ? Amadalavalasa SECONDARY DATASecondary sources include the information collected from the annual reports, published and unpublished records of the company . various books and journals and internet also being used for collecting the relevant data After gathering the data from those two sources the data was analyzed, tabulated and interpreted and finally suggestions were offered for the betterment of the company. DATA ANALYZING TOOLS: After gathering the data from the Primary and secondary sources the data was analyzed ,tabulated and interpretations were written down with the help of graphs and charts , with the help of Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word. . 6 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY The present study is subject to the following limitations: ? The sample size is not universal , some part of other cities remained uncovered ? Unavailability of some information due of lack of awareness o f retailers ? Time and expenses were major constraints ? The study of the soft drink industry which is known to be seasonally fluctuating on e percent study does not take into account seasonal fluctuations. The results may not suit for all the seasons ? Personal basis may be existing as the dealer of varied nature elicits the information Chapter-2 Company overview 2. INTRODUCTION In this chapter, an over of all the major accepts related to the study is discussed. The total industry profiles the soft drinks industry globally and in our country. The profile of the company with respect to its operation number of franchises, market share of the company and many other factors would be discussed here. 2. 2 INDUSTRY PROFILE Non alcoholic soft drink beverage market can be divided into fruit drink and soft drink. Soft drinks can be further divided into carbonated and non carbonated drinks. Colas, lemon and oranges are carbonated drinks while mango drinks come under non-carbonated drinks.Cola , lemon and oranges are carbonated drinks while mango dinks comes under non-carbonated category. The soft drinks market till early 1990’s was in hands of domestic players like Coke, Thumps Up, Limca etc. but with the opening up of economy and coming of MNC players Pepsi and Cock the market has totally under their control. Worldwide, Cock is the leader in carbonated drinks market. In India it is Pepsi, which scores over cock but this difference is fast decreasing. Pepsi entered Indian market in 1991. Cock re-entered (after they were thrown out in 1977, by then central government) in 1993.Pepsi has been targeting the youth and the sales have been doing well by sticking to this youth segment. Cock on the other hand struggled initially in establishing itself in the market. In a span of 7 years of its operations in the country it changed its CEO four times they seem to have started understanding the pulse of Indian consumers. Soft drinks are available in glass bottles, aluminum ca ns and PET bottles for home consumption. Fountains also dispense thin in disposable containers. SEGMENTATION: The soft drink market can be segmented on the basis of place of consumption and on the basis of type of products.The segmentation on the basis of place of consumption divides the market into three parts: 1. on-permise-80% of the consumption of soft drinks is on premise i. e. restaurants, railway stations, cinemas etc, 2. At-home the rest 20% of the market compromise of the soft drink purchased for consumption at home. The market can also be segmented on the basis of types of products into Cola products and non-cola products. 1. cola products account nearly 62% of the total soft drinks market. The brands that fall in this category are Pepsi, cola, Thumps Up, Diet Pepsi etc. 2. on-cola segment, which constitutes 36%, cam be divide into 4 categories based on the type of flavour available, namely ? Orange ? Cloudy lime ? Clear lime ? Mango I. Orange flavour based soft drinks con stitutes around 17% of the market. The segment is largely dominated by national brands like Fanta of Coca-cola Co. and Mirinda Orange of Pepsi Co. rest of the market is in hands of smaller brands like Crush (earlier Cadbury Schweppes and now of Coca Cola), Gold Spot etc. II. Cloudy Lime flavour constitutes 14% of the market and is largely dominated by Limca of Coca Cola and Miranda Lemon of Pepsi Co. III.Clear Lime this segment of the market witnessed good growth initially with all; the players launching their brands in the segment. But now the growth in the segment has slowed down. The brands available in this segment are 7 Up , Mountain dew of Pepsi, Sprite of Coca-Cola and Canada Dry( earlier of Cadbury Schweppes and now of Coca Cola). The segment constitutes 3% of the total soft drinks market. IV. Mango flavour segment constitutes 2% of the total soft drinks market and it directly competes with mango based fruit drinks like Fruity. The leading brands in this segment are: Maaza o f Coca Cola and Slice of Pepsi.There is very thin line of difference between the clear and cloudy lime. The most obvious feature is that clear lime has to be bottled in green bottles as sunlight harms the drink and changes the taste. There are some small local brands at city or regional levels. Most of these are either merging with two big players (Coca Cola and Pepsi) or they command a very small –less than 3% of the total market in their respective areas. Soft Drink Production Area: The market preference is highly regional based, while Cola drinks have main market in metro cities and northern states of U. P, Punjab, Haryana, etc†¦Orange flavoured drinks are popular in southern states. Sodas too are sold largely in southern states besides the Bars. Western markets have preference towards mango-flavoured drinks. Growth Promotional Activities in Soft Drink Industry: The government has adopted liberalized for the soft drinks trade to give the industry a boost and promote t he Indian brand internationally. Although the import and manufacture of international brands like Pepsi and Cock is enhanced in India the local brands being stabilized by advertisements, good quality and low cost. Buying Behavior in Soft Drink Industry: Soft drinks come under the category of products on impulse. This attitude of impulse buying is slowly changing to occasion-led buying and also to some extent consumption through home refrigeration particularly in urban areas. ? The market is slowly moving from non alcoholic carbonated drinks to fruit based drinks and also to plain bottled water due to lower price and ready availability. ? Consumers purchase soft drinks primarily quench thirst therefore people traveling and not having access to hygienic water reach out for soft drink. This accounts for a large part of the sales. Brand awareness plays a crucial rule in purchase decisions. ? Availability in the chilled from also plays a crucial role in purchase decisions. This has made both the companies to push its sales and to increase its retail distribution by offering Visi cooler to retailers. ? Why there is no aversion to consumption of soft drinks buys any age group, the main consumer of this market are people in the age group of 30 and below. ? Product differentiation is very low, as all the products taste the same. But brand loyalty is high in the case of kids and people in the age group of 20-30 years. According to NCAER survey, lower, lower-middle, upper-middle class people do 91% of the total consumption of soft drinks in the country. Growth promotional activities in soft drink industry: The government has adopted liberalization for the soft drink trade to give industry a boost and promote the Indian Brand internationally. Although the import and manufacture of international brands like Pepsi and Coke is enhanced in India . The local brands are being stabilized by advertisements, good quality and low cost. Buying Behavior of soft drink industry: †¢ Soft drinks come under the category of products on impulse.This attitude of impulse buying is slowly changing to occasion-led buying and also to some extent consumption through home refrigeration particularly in urban areas. †¢ The market is slowly moving from alcoholic carbonated drinks to fruit based drinks and also plain bottled water due to lower price and ready availability. †¢ Consumers purchase soft drinks particularly to quench thirst and therefore on travel not having access to hygienic water reaches out for soft drinks. †¢ Brand awareness plays a vital role in purchase decisions. †¢ Availability in the chilled form also plays a crucial role in purchase decisions.This has made both the companies to push its sales and to increase its retail distribution by offering Visi coolers to retailers †¢ Why is there no aversion to consumption of soft drinks to any age group, the main consumers of this market are people in the age group of 30 and below. †¢ Product differentiation is very low, as all the products taste the same. But brand loyalty is high in the case of kids and people in the age group of 20-30 years †¢ According to NCAER survey, lower, lower-middle ands upper-middle class people do 91% of the total consumption of soft drinks in the country.Major Players in Soft drinks Industries The two global majors Pepsi and Coca Cola dominate the soft drink market in India. Coca Coal, which would up its operations during the introduction of the FERA regime, reentered India 16 years later in 1993. Coca Cola acquired a major chunk of soft drink market by buying out local brands Thumps up, Limca, Maaza and Gold spot from Pearl beverages, Coca Cola has also acquired Cadbury Schweppes soft drink brands Crush, Canada Dry and Sport Cola in early 1999 and now recently in Oct. 2008 . It acquires distribution rights of these brands from IFB Agro Ltd .Pepsi stated a couple of years before Coca Cola manufactures came up with their own m arket share figures and claimed to have increased their share. Shares Reports On Retailers In Soft Dink Industry: A Survey was conducted to study the retailer’s view of the present market, future trend and the consumer behavior patterns. The findings of the survey are as follows. †¢ Retailers started that the consumers are loyal to the particular segment of the soft drink i. e. Coca Cola, Orange or Lemon. But as for the loyalty for the brands in each segment is concerned, it is not very significant. 43% of the retailers surveyed told that in the soft drink industry advertising is the key component, it drives sales. While 32% stated promotional schemes and 20%brand loyalty as the reason. †¢ As consumers are not very brand loyal where the purchase of the soft drink purchase is concerned, the retailer purchase becomes a critical issue. They usually sell the product in which they get maximum benefit. For this, the companies try to offer them higher margins. While distri butors get the margin of Rs 8-9 per crate (1 crate is equal to 24 bottles) at 3-4% of MRP, retailers are given margin of 10-12 % of MRP.The retailers are not happy with this, as the cost of refrigeration very high for soft drinks to overcome this problem the companies are offering Visi coolers schemes to their main retailers 2. 3 ORGANIZATION PROFILE PEPSI COMPANY MISSION STATEMENT: Pepsi Company’s over all missions is to increase the value of their share holder’s investment. they believe that their commercial success depends up on offering quality and value to their consumers and providing products that are safe, whole some and economically efficient and environmentally sound. Providing a fair return to their investors, while adhering to the highest standards of integrity.HISTORY OF PEPSI AND COCA COLA COMPANY: Pepsi Co Inc. was founded by Donald M. Kendall, President and chief executive officer of Pepsi –Cola and Herman W. Lay, Chairman& Chief executive of FRI TO-LAY through the merger of two companies in the year 1965. MAJOR PRODUCTS OF THE NEW COMPANIES ARE: †¢ Pepsi-Cola company Pepsi-Cola(formulate in 1898) †¢ Diet Pepsi(1964) †¢ Mountain Dew (introduced by T. P corporation 1984) †¢ Frito-Lay Inc brand chips Lays brand potato chips †¢ Cheetos brand chew flavoured snacks †¢ Ruffles brand potato chips & Rold Gold brand pretzels Pepsi Company Inc. s among the most successful consumer products company in the world with: 1998 revenues of over $22 billion &1, 51,000 employees. Pepsi company’s brand names are among the best known & most respected in the world . Some of the Pepsi Company’s brand names are 100 years old. FRITO-LAY Company is the world’s largest manufacturer and distributor of snack chip and Tropicana products Inc. is the world’s largest marketer and producer of branded juices. Pepsi Company’s success is the result of †¢ Superior Products. †¢ High Stands of Performances †¢ Distinctive Competitive strategies. †¢ High integrity of its work force PEPSI-COLA COMPANY:Calets Bradham, New Beru and Mc. Druggist who first formulated Pepsi coal founded Pepsi Company’s beverage business at the turn of the century. Brand Pepsi and other Pepsi-cola products including Diet Pepsi one, Mountain Dew, Slice and mug brands account for nearly 1/3 rd of the total soft drink in United States. Outside U. S Pepsi Cola Company’s soft operations include the business of 7up international. Pepsi-cola beverages are available in about 170 countries. Key Pepsi-cola international market includes Argentina, Brazil, china, India, Mexico, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Thailand, and the United Kingdom.Pepsi-cola provides advertising, marketing sales and promotion support to the Pepsi-cola bottles. New advertising and existing promotions keep Pepsi-cola young. The company manufacture and sales of the soft drinks are concentrated to the Peps i-cola bottles. †¢ In 1996, Pepsi entered Japan and Eastern Europe. †¢ In 1967, PepsiCo. Stock splits two-for one. In 1986, North America van lines (NAVL), a premier transportation company Pepsi co, and renamed a strong contribution to the Pepsi unit it has divided in 1984. In 1969 in bold modern Pepsi cola packing which was using red, white and blue were introduced.FRITO-LAY introduced fungus brand onion flavoured snacks. In 1970 Pepsi introduces the industry’s first two litter bottles. Pepsi is the first company to respond to consumer preference with light weight, recyclable, plastic bottles. In 1971 Andral E. Pearson was appointed as president of PepsiCo, a position he held until his retirement in 1984. in 1972 don Kendall announced agreement making Pepsi cola the first foreign product sold in U. S. S. R. Pepsi co is given exclusive rights to import Stolichnaya Russian vodka in the U. S.In 1973 and 1974 Pepsi-cola became the first American consumer product to pro duce made and sold in former Soviet Union. In 1975 Pepsi Lite, with destructive lemon taste, is introduced as an alternative to traditional diet colas. In 1976 PepsiCo adopts code of worldwide business conduct. Pepsi-cola became the single largest selling soft drink brands sold in U. S super markets. In 1977 PepsiCo shares spilt up three for one. In 1987 and 1979 the opening of PepsiCo research and technological center in Vallah N. Y PepsiCo reached 85 billion marks in sales. Pepsi was formed to focus on the overseas development of restaurants.In 1981 PepsiCo fitness center was completed, making PepsiCo, one of the most advanced companies in the area of employee’s health and fitness. In 1982 Pepsi free and diet Pepsi free, the first major brands caffeine free colas were introduced. Inauguration of the first Pepsi cola operations in china: In 1983 The Bottler Hall of Fame was established to recognize the achievement and dedication of international bottlers. In 1984 diet Pepsi is reformulated with 100% neutral sweet, slice and diet slice. The first major soft drinks sirucsare added in Mexico.The cola were takes â€Å"one giant spilt for mankind† when a Pepsi â€Å"space can† is successfully tested a brand the span shuttle. 1986 Pepsi company board of directors visit the peoples public of china to make the opening the Pepsi second plant in china. In 1989, Pepsi Company introduce share power stock option program for all employees becoming the first large corporation tool award stock options through virtually all full time employees. In the 1900, Pepsi company was recognized as one of the most admired corporation by the fortune magazine’s top 10 for the two successive years.Pepsi signs the largest commercial trade agreement in history with the Soviet Union expecting sales in the USSR to double by the end of the century. Pepsi re-entered the Indian market in collaboration with Punjab Agro industries Corporation (PAIC). In 1991 Pepsi compa ny named one of the fortune magazine’s top most admired corporations, for the third year in also. Pepsi co. purchased an equity position in the carts of Coloreds Inc. the leading manufacturer and marketer of mobile merchandising equipment. It was sold in 1955. 1993 Pepsi Cola began the distribution of Lipton’s line of ready to drinks teas nationwide. n 1996 Pepsi started its website WWW. Pepsi. com SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF PEPSICOLA COMPANY: As a consumer products company, Pepsi Company does not have the major environmental problems of heavy industry. Their biggest environment challenge is packaging generated by their products. Packaging is important to public and a critical component of the distribution system is to deliver products to consumers and commercial establishment. To meet both consumer demand and safe guard the environment, they recycle, re-use and reduce packaging wherever possible.Each business is also committed to responsible use of resources required in manufacturing their products. LOGOS OF THE COMPANY [pic] 2. 4 ABOUT PEPSI INDIA COMPANY Franchise (pearl Bottling Pvt. Ltd. ,) Often new flavours are to be added to the product line of cool drinks to prevent a competitor. To establish a relation with retailers it is desirable to sell more than one flavor of cool drinks. To decrease the security seasonal products are added to the resources available so as to lessen its risks. Pepsi has given the franchise of Visakhapatnam region to Pearl Beverages which belongs to Pearl Group with Head quarters at Delhi and Mr.C. K. Jaipuria as the chairman and the Managing Director of the group. Pepsi Foods Ltd. , declared Krishna Mohan Beverages and Constructions as franchise, in 1992. Last year it was changed to Pearl Beverages was taken by the Pearl Group. Campa-cola Soft Drinks has originally owned the premises since 1980 at Madhurawada. After the insolvency of campa-cola, KMBC purchased the premises in1990 in the auction by APSFC. Initially, i t used to produce Mc. Dowell’s soda and Bagpiper soda. It produced these drinks under franchise agreements but company could not exist in the market due to stiff competition from pearl products.Description and Launch of products |Brand name |Flavour |Date | |Pepsi |Cola |April-1992 | |Mirinda |Orange |April-1992 | |7 Up |Clear Lemon |April-1992 | |Mirinda Lime |Cloudy Lemon |April-1992 | |Soda |Soda |April-1992 | Pepsi |Pepsi Dite |7 Up |Mirinda(o) |Mirinda(L) |Slice |Evervess soda | |Coca-cola |Cock Dite |Sprite |Fanta |Limca |Maaza |Kinleys | Pepsi market share: Pepsi : 47% Coca-cola : 53% Pepsi foods (Pvt. ) Ltd. Pepsi cola was in India from 1956 to 1961. it left this country, as its products were not found acceptable to the Indian market. Pepsi foods Ltd. Joint venture between Pepsi Co. nternational of US(which is holding 40% of the equity)and Tata concerns Voltas and the Punjab Ago industries Corporation (each of which have as round 25% of the equity),has 25%of its outpu t reserved for beverages with a 50% export commitment fo9r fruit and vegetable products. According to Pepsi officials the project guarantees that for every American dollar the company takes out of India, it will bring five back. They started concentrated factory in Punjab. This company named as Pepsi Foods Ltd. Pepsi Co. international’s direct investments in India so far amounts to Rs. 65 corer. Two thirds of this however has gone into food processing. Pepsi foods are exporting fruits and vegetables to UK etc. The Pepsi’s foods processing unit directly supervised 1,200 hectors under tomato cultivation covering 183 villages and 319 farmers. The company’s technical inputs enabled the farmer to achieve a yield of 35 to 50 tones a hector against the average of was after discontinuing teems. KMBC Pvt. Ltd. Has was the bottle for five districts Vizag, Vizianagaram, Srikakulam, and East Godavari & West Godavari.It receives the stock from Cuttack. PRODUCT PROFILE The Pe psi Co. is known for the development and introduction of world-class brands & products. Their portfolio is organized into three core business, which consists of snacks, Beverages and Restaurants. Pepsi products are constantly changing themselves to develop new products. They encourage consumer to explore their wide range of brands. Main objectives: The objectives of the company set out in memorandum of association and franchise agreements are as follows: ?To manufacturing soft drinks by concentrating supplied by Pepsi Foods. ? To market and advertise within specified areas for Pepsi products. ? To sell soft drinks at fixed prices. financial structure: To start and operate business, any company has to invest its capital in fixed assets and floating assets and also in meeting the daily requirements of the company. However, depending on the nature of business and product being offered by the company, the ratio of investment of capital in fixed and floating assets differ. Working Capita l:It means capital required for daily management of the company eg. Wages, salaries, canteen expenses and transportation expenses etc Plant layout: the machine and equipment have been imported from Germany, which are arranged in the plant according to the sequence of operation. All the operations are carried on a continuous movement. The reasons for choosing the product layout are: 1. There is continuous supply of material. 2. The brands are all standardized products. 3. The demand for the product brands is reasonable stable. 4.The volume of production is adequate for the reasonable utilization of equipment. Since the company follows continuous operation movement, the cost of material handling goes low. The total floor space required by the machine is less than other types of plant layouts. Plant Capacity: The company installed latest up to date automatic plant conforming to plant layout. The installed production capacity is 400 bottles per minutes i. e. 24,000 bottles per day. The plant also is having 100 bottles per 1-leter line. During off-season the plant runs one shift.The company has to produce enough bottles of soft drinks at a speed to keep in space with the disappearance of soft drinks form shelves of the retailer. Production Schedule: The production schedule is fixed by taking into consideration. ? The present or current market demand. ? The availability of empty bottles. ? The inventory position filled bottles of different flavors. The production schedule for each brand is fixed daily, filling the bottles of each branded flavors. This has an advantage in manufacturing the branded product is one at a time. Quality control Pearl Beverages Pvt.Ltd. takes great care to maintain the quality control of the products in their factory. The Bottles are visually examined for impurities continuously, as the bottles move out. Samples are checked every ten minutes of production time by the chemist for its quality and hygiene condition. The chemical analysis is al so made for flavors, gas content and sugar percentages. The appearance, smell and taste of the products are also checked. If any defects are noticed, the production is suspended and the correcting measures are taken so as to set right the bottling process irregularities.Further, samples from each batch are dispatched to the affiliated parent agency company in each week for quality checkup. Moreover, agency of the company also lifts sample form the market at the random for quality checkup at any time to make sure that the quality is maintained to the exact standard of the parent company. At the end of the production schedule, daily all the equipment floor and wet patches are cleaned with bleaching powder or some other solution. The standards of hygiene maintained inside the production shops are commendable. Organization Structure and management:The word organization has two common meanings. The meaning signifies an institution or function as group and the second meaning refers to the process of organizing the way of work which is arranged and allocated among members often organization so that the goal of the organization can be achieved efficiently. The organizing involves balancing the companies. Needs both for stability on one hand and change on the other hand, an organization structure means adopting a change or it can be a source of resistance to change. There are mainly five elements of organization structure. ? Specialization of activities. Standardization of activities. ? Coordination of activities. ? Centralization and decentralization of deviation making. ? Size of the work unit. The M. D, Mr. Ruchirans Jaipuria is athe head of the organization and administration. The company is managed by able director, and is assisted by a team of well-qualified & experience senior management personnel. LIST OF THE EMPLOYEES IN PEARL BOTTELIGN COMPANY The following table shows the description of employees along with designation & no. of employees: |S. No |Description |No. f employees | |1 |GENERAL MANAGER (FINANCE) |1 | |2 |COMMERCIAL MANAGER |1 | |3 |MARKETING DEVELOPMENT MANAGER |1 | |4 |VICE PRESIDENT |1 | |5 |TERRITORY DEVELOPMENT MANAGER |4 | |6 |ACCOUNTS DEVELOPMENT MANAGER |1 | |7 |TRAINING MANAGER |1 | |8 |ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGER |1 | |9 |MARKET EQUIPMENT MANAGER |1 | |10 |PRODUCTION MANAGER |1 | |11 |ASST.PERSONAL MANAGER |1 | |12 |STORE EXECUTIVES |3 | |13 |CUSTOMER CENTRAL EXECUTIVE |25 | |14 |TERRITORY C0-ORDINATOR |1 | |15 |ROUTE AGENT |50 | |16 |SALES TRAINEE |1 | |17 |CHEMIST |3 |18 |ACCOUNTANTS |5 | |19 |SUPERVISOR |8 | |20 |CLERKS |8 | |21 |OPERATORS |10 | |22 |ELECTRICIANS |10 | |23 |FITTERS |3 | |24 |COMPUTER CUM TELEPHONE OPERATORS |12 | |25 |SECURITY OFFICER |1 | |26 |SECURITY GUARDS |6 | |27 |OFFICE BOYS |13 | |28 |SWEEPERS & HELPERS |3 | CHAPTER-3 Theoretical Framework 3. 1 INTRODUCTION The main part of the report i. e. Analysis part is covered in this chapter. I did survey in 300 outlets in 3 various areas. After conducting the survey I interpreted the total collected information using a structured questionnaire. The required information is derived from that interpretation and analysis. This analysis part contains tables and pie charts. We can come to a conclusion from the final information from this chapter. Because of that reason this chapter is very important in the entire study of the project. Without this interpretation we can conclude the total survey and also can not understand the position of any company and the opinion of the customers regarding the company. 3. 2 DETAILS OF THE AREA SURVEY CONDUCTED Details of the survey conducted: The total data collected in three areas in Srikakulam district of total of 300 retail outlets.They are given below: |CLUSTER |SAMPLE SIZE |AREA | |Cluster-1 |130 |Srikakulam | |Cluster-2 |90 |Amadalavalasa | |Cluster-3 |80 |Narasannapeta | I started my survey first at Srikakulam on 4/02/09 and my study completed on 18/02/09 with Amadalavalasa. I pe rsonally went to every outlet and asked the total details of which are in the questionnaire and filled those things. Some of the retailers denied giving the details and I waited there with patience and collected all the data. In my survey I learned a lot and collected the useful information and also got good experience in the market field and came to know many things which are not in our books through this survey.I almost covered all the retail outlets which are situated in these areas and collected the correct information. 3. 3 INTERPRETATION OF THE SURVEY [TABLES AND GRAPHS] 1. Pepsi & Cock Brands Available In Various Markets: |S. No |Market |Pepsi |Cock | |1. |Srikakulam |5 |6 | |2. |Amadalavalasa |5 |5 | |3. |Narasannapeta |5 |7 | [pic] Average Pepsi & Cock brands Available in the market: Brands |No of Types | |Pepsi |5 | |Coca-Cola |6 | INTERPRETATION: In my survey of 300 retail outlets in 3 areas, I found 5 brands of Pepsi out of its 10 brands and 6 Brands of Coke is availa ble out of its 10 Brands on average. So the brand availability of Coke is more when compared to Pepsi.Top brands Available in Srikakulam Market: |S. No |Brands |Percentage | |1. |Slice |46 | |2. |Mirinda |24 | |3. |Sprite |20 | |4. |Limca |10 | [pic] Top Four Brands Available In Amadalavalasa Market: |S.No |Brands |Percentage | |1 |Mirinda |46 | |2 |7 Up |24 | |3 |Sprite |17 | |4 |Thumps Up |13 | [pic] Top Four Brands Available In Narasannapeta Market: |S.No |Brands |Percentage | |1 |Mirinda |42 | |2 |Sprite |26 | |3 |7 Up |18 | |4 |Slice |14 | 2. No of Bottles Sold Per Day in Various Markets: | |Srikakulam |Amadalavalasa |Narasannapeta | |Pepsi |52 |45 |42 | |Coke |44 |35 |50 | pic] 3. No of Bottles sold per Day: |Brands |No of Types | |Pepsi |45 | |Coke |55 | INTERPRETATION: In my survey of 300 outlets in three areas I found Pepsi is occupying 55% and the Coke is occupying 44% in the total market in average.From this we can understand that the Pepsi sales are more when co mpared to Coke. 4. Service required to the retail outlets: |S. No |Market |Daily |Alternative Days |Weekly Twice | |1 |Srikakulam |63 |25 |12 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |49 |27 |24 | |3 |Narasannapeta |55 |36 |9 | Service Required in Average: Types of Services |Average Service Required from the Companies | |Daily |55 | |Alternative Days |30 | |Weekly Twice |15 | [pic] INTERPRETATION: In my observation of 300 outlets in three areas I found that 55% of the retailers want the daily service, 30% retailers want Alternative Days and the remaining 15% of the retailers want the service weekly twice. 5.Satisfaction of Pepsi Service |S. No |Market |Good |Satisfactory |Bad | |1 |Srikakulam |60 |40 |0 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |65 |30 |5 | |3 |Narasannapeta |70 |28 |2 | Satisfaction of Coke Service |S.N0 |Market |Good |Satisfaction |Bad | |1 |Srikakulam |45 |50 |5 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |40 |55 |5 | |3 |Narasannapeta |45 |50 |5 | Service Satisfaction of Pepsi and Coke in Average: |Brand |Good Satisfaction |Ba d | |Pepsi |65 |33 |2 | |Coke |43 |52 |5 | INTERPRETATION: INTERPRETATION: In my survey of 300 outlets I found that 65% of the retailers expressed good in case of Pepsi and 43% incase of Coke. 33% in the case of Pepsi and 52% in case of Coke expressed satisfactory and finally remaining retailers expressed bad to the service of the companies. 6. Trade Schemes by Both Companies in Various Markets |S.No |Market |Pepsi |Coke | |1 |Srikakulam |41 |59 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |49 |51 | |3 |Narasannapeta |41 |59 | Trade Schemes by Both Companies in Average Brands |Trade Schemes | |Pepsi |44 | |Coke |56 | INTERPRETATION: By observing the above pie chart we can understand that 56% of the traders expressed their happiness towards the schemes of the Coca-Cola and the remaining 44% traders expressed their happiness towards Pepsi company in case of their trade schemes. 7.Consumer Promotions offered by both Companies |S. No |Market |Pepsi |Coke | |1 |Srikakulam |61 |39 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |57 |43 | |3 |Narasannapeta |60 |40 | Consumer Promotions offered in Average Brand |Consumer Promotion | |Pepsi |59 | |Coke |41 | INTERPRETATION: In providing consumer promotion by way of giving the prizes to the consumers and other ways to promote the sales, Pepsi was able to attracted 59% of the retailers with its promotional schemes. In case of Coke it attracted the remaining 41% of the retailers by their consumer promotional schemes and activities. 8. Is T. V Adds help to increase the sale of Soft Drinks |S.No |Market |Yes |No | |1 |Srikakulam |74 |26 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |51 |49 | |3 |Narasannapeta |60 |40 | Amount of people saying T. V ads help increase in Sale, in Average | |T.V Add helps the increase in sales | |Yes |62 | |N0 |38 | INTERPRETATION: The above chart shows the opinions of the retailers that weather T. V ads will help to increase the sale of the soft drinks. In this 62% of the retailers expressed positively and the remaining 38% retailers expressed negatively to this question. 9. Comparison of 2007-2008 sales S. No |Market |Good |Less |Same | |1 |Srikakulam |55 |40 |5 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |30 |63 |7 | |3 |Narasannapeta |40 |48 |12 | Comparison of 2007-2008 sales in average Opinion |Good |Less |Same | |No of outlets in average |42 |50 |8 | INTERPRETATION: In the above chart the opinions of the retailers were given. From that 42% of the retailers expressed the view of good increase in the sale by2008 when compared to 2007. 50%of the retailers expressed the view of less increase in the sale and the remaining 8% of the retailers expressed the view of the same sales and there is no increase in the sales. 10. The Percentage Of Juice Based Soft Drinks In Total Sales |S.No |Market Area |30% |20% |10% | |1 |Srikakulam |30 |33 |37 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |29 |34 |37 | |3 |Narasannapeta |34 |32 |34 | Juice Based Soft Drinks In Average | |30% |20% |10% | |Result |31 |33 |36 | INTERPRETATION: By observing the above chart we can understand that the demand for the juice based soft drinks is increasing rapidly. For that the companies better to concentrate on the juice based soft drinks introducing and their sales. 11.Pepsi Visi coolers and other coolers available in the Market |S. No |Market |Pepsi cooler |Cock+ other coolers | |1 |Srikakulam |32 |68 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |21 |79 | |3 |Narasannapeta |31 |69 |Pepsi & Coke Visi Coolers Available in Average | |Pepsi Visi Coolers |Cock Visi cooler+ Own cooler | |Average of Outlets |28 |72 | INTERPRETATION: In the areas where I did my survey I found 28% of the retailers are using the Pepsi Visi Coolers and the remaining 72% of the retailers are using the Coke and Other coolers. From this we can suggest that Pepsi have to increase their Visi Coolers supply. 12. Why retailers keep other products in Pepsi Visi Coolers |S.No |Market Area |Electricity Bill |No Own Cooler | |1 |Srikakulam |35 |65 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |58 |42 | |3 |Narasannapeta |56 |44 | Why other products in Pepsi Visi Coolers in Average |S.No |Electricity Bill |No own cooler | |1 |49 |51 | INTERPRETATION: When I did the survey I observed that many of the retailers are keeping the other products in Pepsi Visi Coolers and they gave some sort of explanation for that. In those reasons 49% of the retailers said Electricity bill is the problem and the remaining 51% of the retailers said that they don’t have their own coolers. They should be restricted. 13.Most Soft Drinks Consuming Category In Various Markets |S. no |Market |Male |Female |All People |Youth | |1 |Srikakulam |18 |10 |59 |13 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |12 |11 |56 |21 | |3 |Narasannapeta |19 |18 |39 |24 | Most Soft Drinks Consuming Category In Average Opinion |Male |Female |All People |Youth | |Avg % of outlets |16 |13 |51 |20 | INTERPRETATION: In the above pie chart the consumption of soft drinks mostly by four categories. 51% of the total consumption is by All People, 20% by the Youth, 15% by the Male and the remaining 13% is consumed by the Female. We c an say that the consumption of soft drinks by the youth is increasing. 14. Soft Dinks Supply To The Retail Outlets [Cash Or Credit] |S.No |Market |Pepsi Cash |Pepsi Credit |Coke Cash |Coke Credit | |1 |Srikakulam |100 |0 |100 |0 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |100 |0 |100 |0 | |3 |Narasannapeta |100 |0 |100 |0 | INTERPRETATION: From the above pie cart we can understand that both the Pepsi and Coke companies are not providing any credit to the retailers. All the retailers are purchasing the soft drinks on cash only. 15. Consumption of Soft Drinks at Home and at Shop |S. No |Market |At Shop |At Home | |1 |Srikakulam 80 |20 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |70 |30 | |3 |Narasannapeta |75 |25 | Consumption of Soft Drinks at Home & at Shop In Avg. |S. No |At Shop |At Home | |1 |75 |25 | INTERPRETATION:From the above pie chart we can understand that in the areas I did the survey 75% of the Soft Drinks are consumed at the Shops and the remaining 25% of the Soft Drinks are consumed at Home. Chapter-4 SUMMARY, FIND INGS & SUGGESTIONS 4. 1 INTRODUCTION The chapter contains Findings, Suggestions and Conclusions. Basing on the results of the survey Suggestions are given to improve the potentials and the market share of the company in the soft drinks field. The total findings are prepared by the survey information collected in the various places in Srikakulam district. I did the comparative study between the top two brands in the field of soft drinks sector those are Pepsi and Coke.The information is base on the two brand comparison and in my view these are useful to the company to improve its performance and can get good sales as well as good market share in the field of Soft Drinks. These are all my sincere findings and suggestions to the company. FINDINGS 1) The company is maintaining the quality of the products and it has good quality control Dept. 2) Now a day because of changing the food habits the soft drinks are added to their food habits. 3) Pepsi soft drinks are occupying more than half of the soft drinks market. 4) The demand for the fruit based soft drinks is go on increasing and they occupied the top selling drinks position. ) Sales promotion activities taken by the Pepsi Company is good as per the retailer’s opinion when compared to coke. 6) The Pepsi Company’s supply of drinks is good but they are not providing the sufficient drinks to the outlets. 7) The No. of Visi coolers in the market is less when compared to the Coke Company. 8) Some of the retailers are placing the other products also in the company c

Definition and Examples of Personification

Definition and Examples of Personification Definition Personification is a  trope or figure of speech (generally considered a type of metaphor) in which an inanimate object or abstraction is given human qualities or abilities. The term in classical rhetoric for personification is prosopopoeia. See Examples and Observations below. Also, see: What Is Personification?AllegoryApostrophe (Rhetoric)Ontological MetaphorPersonification Is Alive and WellTeaching the Figures of Speech in MoviesThe Top 20 Figures of Speech Examples of Personification in Essays and Novels James Weldon Johnsons New York in the Early 1900sThe Old Oak of Andover, by Harriet Beecher StoweOn a Rainy Morning, by C. S. BrooksPersonification in Jonathan Lethems Motherless BrooklynThe Story of a Garden, by Mabel Wright Examples and Observations Oreo: Milk’s favorite cookie.  (slogan on a package of Oreo cookies)The wind stood up and gave a shout.He whistled on his fingers andKicked the withered leaves aboutAnd thumped the branches with his handAnd said hed kill and kill and kill,And so he will! And so he will!(James Stephens, The Wind)The fog had crept into the taxi where it crouched panting in a traffic jam. It oozed in ungenially, to smear sooty fingers over the two elegant young people who sat inside.(Margery Allingham, The Tiger in the Smoke, 1952)Only the champion daisy trees were serene. After all, they were part of a rain forest already two thousand years old and scheduled for eternity, so they ignored the men and continued to rock the diamondbacks that slept in their arms. It took the river to persuade them that indeed the world was altered. (Toni Morrison, Tar Baby, 1981)The small waves were the same, chucking the rowboat under the chin as we fished at anchor.(E.B. White, Once More to the Lake, 1941)The ro ad isnt built that can make it breathe hard! (slogan for Chevrolet automobiles) Unseen, in the background, Fate was quietly slipping the lead into the boxing gloves. (P.G. Wodehouse, Very Good, Jeeves, 1930)They crossed another yard, where hulks of obsolete machinery crouched, bleeding rust into their blankets of snow . . .. (David Lodge, Nice Work. Viking, 1988)Fear knocked on the door. Faith answered. There was no one there.(proverb quoted by Christopher Moltisanti, The Sopranos)Pimento eyes bulged in their olive sockets. Lying on a ring of onion, a tomato slice exposed its seedy smile . . .. (Toni Morrison, Love: A Novel. Alfred A. Knopf, 2003)Good morning, America, how are you?Dont you know me Im your native son.Im the train they call the City of New Orleans;Ill be gone five hundred miles when the day is done.(Steve Goodman, The City of New Orleans, 1972)The only monster here is the gambling monster that has enslaved your mother! I call him Gamblor, and its time to snatch your mother from his neon claws! (Homer Simpson, The Simpsons)The operation is over. On the table, the knife lies spent, on its side, the bloody meal smear-dried upon its flanks. The knife rests.And waits.(Richard Selzer, The Knife. Mortal Lessons: Notes on the Art of Surgery. Simon Schuster, 1976) Dirk turned on the car wipers, which grumbled because they didnt have quite enough rain to wipe away, so he turned them off again. Rain quickly speckled the windscreen.He turned on the wipers again, but they still refused to feel that the exercise was worthwhile, and scraped and squeaked in protest.(Douglas Adams, The Long Dark Tea-Time of the Soul. William Heinemann, 1988)Joy’s trick is to supplyDry lips with what can cool and slake,Leaving them dumbstruck also with an acheNothing can satisfy.(Richard Wilbur, Hamlen Brook)Outside, the sun springs down on the rough and tumbling town. It runs through the hedges of Goosegog Lane, cuffing the birds to sing. Spring whips green down Cockle Row, and the shells ring out. Llaregyb this snip of a morning is wildfruit and warm, the streets, fields, sands and waters springing in the young sun.(Dylan Thomas, Under Milk Wood, 1954) Roger Angells Personifications of Death Death, meanwhile, was constantly onstage or changing costume for his next engagementas Bergman’s thick-faced chess player; as the medieval night-rider in a hoodie; as Woody Allen’s awkward visitor half-falling into the room as he enters through the window; as W.C. Fields’s man in the bright nightgownand in my mind had gone from spectre to a waiting second-level celebrity on the Letterman show. Or almost. Some people I knew seemed to have lost all fear when dying and awaited the end with a certain impatience. I’m tired of lying here, said one. Why is this taking so long? asked another. Death will get it on with me eventually, and stay much too long, and though I’m in no hurry about the meeting, I feel I know him almost too well by now.  (Roger Angell, This Old Man. The New Yorker, February 17, 2014)   Harriet Beecher Stowes Old Oak Right opposite our house, on our Mount Clear, is an old oak, the apostle of the primeval forest. . . . His limbs have been here and there shattered; his back begins to look mossy and dilapidated; but after all, there is a piquant, decided air about him, that speaks the old age of a tree of distinction, a kingly oak. Today I see him standing, dimly revealed through the mist of falling snows; tomorrows sun will show the outline of his gnarled limbsall rose color with their soft snow burden; and again a few months, and spring will breathe on him, and he will draw a long breath, and break out once more, for the three-hundredth time, perhaps, into a vernal crown of leaves.  (Harriet Beecher Stowe, The Old Oak of Andover, 1855)   Shakespeares Use of Personification Do villainy, do, since you protest to dot,Like workmen. Ill example you with thievery.The suns a thief, and with his great attractionRobs the vast sea; the moons an arrant thief,And her pale fire she snatches from the sun;The seas a thief, whose liquid surge resolvesThe moon into salt tears; the earths a thief,That feeds and breeds by a composture stolenFrom general excrement: each things a thief.(Timon in Timon of Athens by William Shakespeare)   Frauds Tears Next came Fraud, and he had on,Like Eldon, an ermined gown;His big tears, for he wept well,Turned to mill-stones as they fell.And the little children, whoRound his feet played to and fro,Thinking every tear a gem,Had their brains knocked out by them.(Percy Bysshe Shelley, The Mask of Anarchy)   Two Types of Personification [I]t is necessary to distinguish two meanings of the term personification. One refers to the practice of giving an actual personality to an abstraction. This practice has its origins in animism and ancient religion, and it is called personification by modern theorists of religion and anthropology.The other meaning of personification . . . is the historical sense of prosopopoeia. This refers to the practice of giving a consciously fictional personality to an abstraction, impersonating it. This rhetorical practice requires a separation between the literary pretense of a personality and the actual state of affairs.(Jon Whitman, Allegory: The Dynamics of an Ancient and Medieval Technique. Harvard University Press, 1987)   Personification Today Personification, with allegory, was the literary rage in the 18th century, but it goes against the modern grain and today is the feeblest of metaphorical devices.(Rene Cappon, Associated Press Guide to News Writing, 2000)In present-day English, [personification] has taken on a new lease of life in the media, especially film and advertising, although literary critics like Northrop Frye (cited in Paxson 1994: 172) might well think it is devalued. . . .Linguistically, personification is marked by one or more of the following devices:(Katie Wales, Personal Pronouns in Present-Day English. Cambridge University Press, 1996) the potentiality for the referent to be addressed by you (or thou);the assignment of the faculty of speech (and hence the potential occurrence of I);the assignment of a personal name;co-occurrence of personified NP with he/she;reference to human/animal attributes: what TG would thus term the violation of selection restrictions (e.g. the sun slept). The Lighter Side of Personification [inside SpongeBobs mind]   SpongeBob boss: Hurry up! What do you think Im paying you for?SpongeBob worker: You dont pay me. You dont even exist. Were just a clever visual metaphor used to personify the abstract concept of thought.SpongeBob boss: One more crack like that and youre outta here!SpongeBob worker: No, please! I have three kids!(No Weenies Allowed, SpongeBob SquarePants, 2002) There was a time when music knew its place. No longer. Possibly this is not musics fault. It may be that music fell in with a bad crowd and lost its sense of common decency. I am willing to consider this. I am willing to even to try and help. I would like to do my bit to set music straight in order that it might shape up and leave the mainstream of society. The first thing that music must understand is that there are two kinds of musicgood music and bad music. Good music is music that I want to hear. Bad music is music that I dont want to hear.(Fran Lebowitz, The Sound of Music: Enough Already. Metropolitan Life, E.P. Dutton, 1978) Pronunciation: per-SON-if-i-KAY-shun Also Known As: prosopopoeia

Installing PHP on Linux

Installing PHP on Linux It can be really helpful to have PHP installed on your home computer. Especially if youre still learning. So today Im going to walk you through how to do so on a PC with linux. First things first, youre going to need Apache to be installed already. 1. Download Apache, this will assume you download the latest version as of this publication, which is 2.4.3. If you use a different one, be sure to change the commands below (since we use the name of the file). 2. Move this to your src folder, at / usr/local/src, and run the following commands, which will un archive the zipped source, in a shell: cd /usr/local/srcgzip -d httpd-2.4.3.tar.bz2tar xvf httpd-2.4.3.tarcd httpd-2.4.3 3. The following command is semi-optional. If you dont mind the default options, which installs it to /usr/local/apache2, you can skip to step 4. If youre interested as to what can be customized, then run this command: ./configure help This will give you a list of the options you can change for when it installs. 4. This will install Apache: ./configure enable-somakemake install Note: if you get an error that says something like this: configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH, then you need to install a C compiler. This probably wont happen, but if it does, Google install gcc on [insert your brand of linux] 5. Yay! Now you can start up and test Apache: cd /usr/local/apache2/bin./apachectl start Then point your browser to http://local-host and it should tell you It Works! Note: if you changed where Apache installed, you should adjust the above cd command accordingly. Now that you have Apache installed, you can install and test PHP! Again, this assumes youre downloading a certain file, which is a certain version of PHP. And again, this is the latest stable release as of writing this. That file is named php-5.4.9.tar.bz2 1. Download php-5.4.9.tar.bz2 from www.php.net/downloads.php and again place it in your /usr/local/src then run the following commands: cd /usr/local/srcbzip2 -d php-5.4.9.tar.bz2tar xvf php-5.4.9.tarcd php-5.4.9 2. Again, this step is semi-optional as it deals with configuring php before you install it. So, if you want to customize the installation, or see how you can customize it: ./configure help 3. The next commands actually install PHP, with the default apache install location of /usr/local/apache2: ./configure with-apxs2/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxsmakemake installcp php.ini-dist /usr/local/lib/php.ini 4. Open the file /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf and add the following text: SetHandler application/x-httpd-php Then while in that file make sure it has a line that says LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so 5. Now you will want to restart apache and verify that php is installed and woking correctly: /usr/local/bin/apache2/apachectl restart No make a file called test.php in your /usr/local/apache2/htdocs folder with the following line in it: phpinfo(); ? Now point your favorite internet browser at http://local-host/test.php and it should tell you all about your working php installation.

How To Set Up Your Author Profile on Reedsy

How To Set Up Your Author Profile on Reedsy How To Set Up Your Author Profile on Reedsy In today’s competitive publishing landscape, ensuring that you have the most cohesive and effective online presence is a crucial challenge towards establishing an author brand. This is what the Reedsy profiles are for: we allow you to integrate all the information about your writing and your books in one single, customizable website. Here’s how to set it up and take full advantage of its capabilities!Seamless integrationsLet’s start with the easiest stuff. Reedsy allows you to integrate in one click with Goodreads, Twitter, Linkedin and your favourite blogging platform (WordPress, Tumblr or Blogger). That way, we just pull the relevant information to build your author profile for you!Your books, straight from AmazonNow to what matters: your books! We allow you to upload them by just copy-pasting their Amazon or Google Play URLs. Again, we’ll extract the relevant information.Customize it!Here’s where you have to do a bit of actual work. Write a nice, engaging â€Å"short summary† and â€Å"about me† that will prompt readers to â€Å"follow† you and leave their email address. Mention your reader magnet (if you have one) and share some personal stuff with your audience, so readers know the human being behind the books.Don’t forget your profile picture, if it’s not already there, and the cover image! These make your author profile truly unique and immediately recognisable to readers! The recommended specs are 400x400 for the profile picture and 900x450 for the cover image.Finally, make sure you’ve put the link to your personal website under your social media links. This way your Reedsy profile will act as the perfect SEO booster!If you have any questions about the author profiles, or want to help us make them better, leave your feedback in the comments below!

With reference to your own research, do you think that the ability of Essay - 2

With reference to your own research, do you think that the ability of a business to act successfully in a socially responsible manner is mainly determined by the products it produces - Essay Example e the growing significance of Corporate Social Responsibility and issues of sustainability for consumers, a study by Reputation Institute (2014) indicated that about 60% of consumer perceptions othe companys reputationon determine the consumers’ willingness to work for, invest, or recommend a company while 40% is due to the consumers’ perception of the product or services sold by that company. For this study, the major considerations are the main benefits of CSR in relation to costs for the business; the significance of CSR in relation to other objectives; the major determinants of responsibilities that are accepted by a business and those that are not; the factors that determine the extent to which business is socially responsible, and the extent of government influence on CSR,. At Microsoft, there is a continuing commitment to work to fulfil public responsibilities and to serve the needs of people in communities worldwide. However, for Microsoft, the fundamental obligation is the role Microsoft serves as an accountable universal corporate citizen (Smith, 2012). In addition, Microsoft earned the best CSR reputation through initiatives such as Citizenship Leads throughout the world working every day in collaboration to with a huge stakeholder’s base and with regards to numerous issues crucial to local communities. Microsoft Green is also another CSR initiative aimed at emphasizing Microsoft’s Environmental Sustainability Team. In order to implement its CSR initiatives, Microsoft works with investors, non-profits, governments, and other organizations, including the Boston College Center, CSR Europe, Net Impact, World Economic Forum, and Clinton Global Initiative. For more than 51% of Google consumers across the 15 universal markets, working at Google is great (Smith, 2013). With such perceptions, Google has managed to successfully establish a caring perception around the world to ensure that they are a company that not only treats people well, but one that

Management 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management 2 - Essay Example The Chairman outlines the activities and financial conditions of the firm in the previous year followed by his/her discussion on hopes and future plans for the firm. In this part of the annual report, the Chairman attempts to explain why the company’s operations resulted in the results mentioned and why it chooses to advance with new projects or policies. In a nutshell, the statement or report is mainly a promise or explanation for company activities by the Chairman and its Board of Directors to the stockholders. However, the questions are: Why do they need the reports? What do the stockholders do with them? And more importantly, what do they do to deserve an explanation? To answer these questions, one has to firstly understand the concept of stockholder’s equity. When an individual goes to the market and buys stocks, he/she basically buys ownership! A corporation is basically a public-owned enterprise. By declaring itself a corporation, the company or enterprise is selling itself to the public. This is done by the company to essentially generate more money and finances. When it becomes a corporation, the company is actually giving the stockholders a right or privilege to vote for the Board of Directors. The elected Board of Directors is then responsible to make decisions about the company and see where and how the company can maximize the profits. The stockholders then gain from the profits. The stockholders do not directly earn the profit but are given dividends instead. These dividends are paid annually, every year except when the company is going in loss to an extent that it even fails to pay back the liabilities it has borrowed. At such times, the liabilities are preferred and paid first and the remaining is given as dividends to the stockholders. To further understand the relationship between the company and the stockholders, Walt Disney Corporation will be used as a case for analysis and descriptive explanation. But, before

Hospice Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hospice Care - Essay Example Although the modern hospice care started in the 17th century, it was Dame Cicely Saunders who pioneered the foundational principles of the modern hospices in the 1950s. The movement of hospice care, which has met with several types of criticisms through its development, has enjoyed a rapid expansion in the UK, the US and several other nations. "Pioneered in England, hospice took root in the United States during the 1970s and was added as a benefit to the Medicare program in the early 1980s. Its origins lie in a grassroots movement that lay outside the medical mainstream and was informed by an ethic of compassion, dignity, and service. More or less self-consciously, hospice care was initially designed for people who were dying of cancer, and who had a functional family support system and a home where they could be cared for away from the high-tech hospital environment. Over time, the vision and the values of the hospice movement have developed and matured." (What Is Hospice Care 2003, p 6). The movement of hospice care has undergone development through various stages in the history of nursing and it is essential to compare and contrast nursing role, processes, etc during the twentieth century and early twenty first century. The various stages of the development of the hospice care include the periods 1920-1929, 1930-1945, 1946-1959, 1960-1975, and 1976 to present, and the nursing role, processes, etc in the hospice care has improved through these stages. In the health care industry, hospice has been a considerably newcomer, although the origins of hospice are in antiquity. The modern hospice care program has its origin in the mid-1960s in the founding of St Christopher's Hospice in England. The hospice movement has been significant development in health care industry as it has provided several strategies for the treatment of people who are no longer candidates for curative or rehabilitation services. "Traditions of kindness for sick and dying patients are to be found in all societies from antiquity. The beginning of the modern hospice movement is usually attributed to Dame Cicely Saunders, who founded St Christopher's Hospice in London in 1967. Two years later Elizabeth Kubbler Ross published her book, On Death and Dying, based on her experiences talking with dying patients in a Chicago hospital In 1953 the first advanced mammal, a dog named Knowsy (because he knew what was on the 'other side') was successfully resuscitated. Further advances in resuscitation and advanced life-support led to the propagation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and intensive care units during the early 1960s." (Hallenbeck, 2003, p 3). Therefore, the modern hospice movement has undergone vital improvements since its founding and the role of the nurses as well as the process of the care has gone through various stages. In a reflective analysis of the history of hospice care in the twentieth century, one realizes that there have been several developments in this nursing care with regard to the role of the nurses and the process of the care. Significantly, hospice can be comprehended as a philosophy of caring which respects and values the dignity and worth of every human being. Therefore, a good hospice care may be understood as the practical expression of the personal and professional commitment in the nursing care. Hospice care, which is meant for people approaching

Create a financial information system on pricing costing funding which Essay

Create a financial information system on pricing costing funding which is being implemented into the railway tickets and makes the prices dynamic - Essay Example was a technical support element to accomplish desktop data entry in the late 1990s has evolved into a strategic element for increasing the revenue through identifying new business development opportunities as well as providing efficient quality of service to the customers a company is serving. Public transportation in the UK serves more than 75% of the total commuters’ transportation in the UK as argued by Simon Taylor (2003)iii. Railways in the public transportation especially accounts for over 50% of the total market share in the public transport as identified by Simon Taylor (2003). This makes it clear that the rail transport market in the UK public transport industry not only forms an integral part of the public transportation but also contributes to the Gross Domestic Product. Alongside, the railway industry is also facing stiff competition from other forms of public transport like the road and air transport that is increasingly cost effective in the UK as argued by Simon Taylor (2003). From the aforementioned it is clear that the railway industry in the UK not only needs to address the competition through the effective use of information technology and managing the information for strategic advantage but also accomplish financial operational excellence ass argued by Helen Knight (2005)iv. The fact that the finance especially the billing and ticketing section of the railway industry is the gateway of income to the industry’s overall operations as argued by Helen Knight (2005) makes it clear that the efficient information management in the form of financial information management system is essential. In this report a critical analysis on the implementation of a Financial Information System in the Railway ticketing system from an information strategy perspective is presented to the reader. The essay presents a critical analysis on the macro and micro business environment for the railway business in the UK through PEST and SWOT Analyses respectively. This

Nutrition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Nutrition - Essay Example Based on what the experts say about it, nutrition therefore is not just a mere concept, but it has significant value associated with it that could aid in the measurement of the nation’s well-being of its people. It is a concept that could provide value and elaborately depict the social and political aspects of a nation. For instance, it could help gauge the level of food distribution in both advanced and impoverished countries based on their economic and political considerations. It could also depict the prevailing socio-cultural trend and value of food in a nation. Thus, nutrition is something that does not only involve the basic or vital nutrients of the food, but on other significant issues associated with the country’s social, political and economic growth and development (Cullather 338). In other words, what the experts are simply saying about nutrition is something tantamount to understanding the wellbeing of individuals and their nations. In the case of Nick Cullather and his article â€Å"The Foreign Policy of the Calorie†, the said author responds to the traditional view of looking at the concept of nutrition. By incorporating the idea about â€Å"calorie†, Cullather gains enough amount of evidence to suggest how nutrition may be used to potentially understand and gauge the nation’s administration and distribution of foods. In other words, he is responding to how hunger can be potentially quantified. On the other hand, C. Gopalan and Bani Tamber Aeri with their article â€Å"Strategies to Combat Under-Nutrition† are not actually focusing on the measurement of the country’s level of under-nutrition, but instead on creating essential strategies to help fight the problem with insufficient food supply with the right nutrition to every table. Thus, these experts respond to the prevailing problems about food hunger and food quality in the world and in finding ways on how to

Why I Am Attending College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Why I Am Attending College - Essay Example Jealousy was my little dark black secret as I watched my friends have the financial support to attend college. My mother is a college educated woman but she did not pressure any of her children to go to college. Sure, she would casually mention going to college, in passing, but when I was a senior in high school she did not encourage me to attend. I guess she thought I would figure it out on my own someday. I remember her saying, â€Å"If you go into the medical field as I did you will never be out of work.† This went in one ear and out the other. I did not take what she said to heart or give it much thought. I felt that filler jobs just ended up on my lap; due to being in the right place at the right time and because I was young and fairly attractive. Now that I am turning 40 and I am a parent; that has changed. My pilgrimage to attain a higher education is to provide a stable life for my son, be a positive role model, and to aspire to find something in life; that can only be found by expanding my education. Having a stable career and not just a job is a very important step in my life. A stable career will enable me to provide a good home and be able to afford a college education for my son. The right stable career is able to point you toward financial freedom and it gives you an opportunity to be in demand in the job marketplace. There are many career choices where hardworking employees will always be in demand; healthcare workers, accountants, and morticians are examples of some of these. My immediate family is in the healthcare field. My mother and father are lab technicians, my sister is a certified nursing assistant, and my brother is an x-ray technician. It seems natural that I would eventually choose this career path.

Nutrition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Nutrition - Essay Example Based on what the experts say about it, nutrition therefore is not just a mere concept, but it has significant value associated with it that could aid in the measurement of the nation’s well-being of its people. It is a concept that could provide value and elaborately depict the social and political aspects of a nation. For instance, it could help gauge the level of food distribution in both advanced and impoverished countries based on their economic and political considerations. It could also depict the prevailing socio-cultural trend and value of food in a nation. Thus, nutrition is something that does not only involve the basic or vital nutrients of the food, but on other significant issues associated with the country’s social, political and economic growth and development (Cullather 338). In other words, what the experts are simply saying about nutrition is something tantamount to understanding the wellbeing of individuals and their nations. In the case of Nick Cullather and his article â€Å"The Foreign Policy of the Calorie†, the said author responds to the traditional view of looking at the concept of nutrition. By incorporating the idea about â€Å"calorie†, Cullather gains enough amount of evidence to suggest how nutrition may be used to potentially understand and gauge the nation’s administration and distribution of foods. In other words, he is responding to how hunger can be potentially quantified. On the other hand, C. Gopalan and Bani Tamber Aeri with their article â€Å"Strategies to Combat Under-Nutrition† are not actually focusing on the measurement of the country’s level of under-nutrition, but instead on creating essential strategies to help fight the problem with insufficient food supply with the right nutrition to every table. Thus, these experts respond to the prevailing problems about food hunger and food quality in the world and in finding ways on how to

Involvement of USA in Korean War Essay Example for Free

Involvement of USA in Korean War Essay Different from its involvement in the Vietnam War? In the 40à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s onwards USA got interested in Asian affairs. Taking into account the fact that they were not defending themselves or any other American ally, they had to further extend territorial boundaries to fall on political-ideological frontiers. Indeed, they were defending its territory from enemies in a new scale: the fear against the developing communism over the world. In these lines, Korea and Vietnam portrayed two international hotspots now focused on Asia, as the stage within the fight of the two global powers: USA and the Soviet Union. Anyways, were the circumstances by which USA faced communism in both countries different? First of all, the background in South-East Asia determined in great scale American intervention in the area, since either country were occupied by other foreign powers: while Korea was under Japanese domination, Vietnam still remained part of the French empire (later becoming member of the French Union). The first case of Korea was already been the stage of the war between democracy and communism. USA was quite anxious since the conflict that had already happened in Germany and the one that was going on in Turkey and Greece, both cases falling under soviet beliefs. After the defeat of the Chinese Kuomintang in 1949, by communist Mao, American leaders began fearing that the rapid spread of the system around the world would be successful one more time in Asia. Thus, USA decided to risk and try obtaining new territory that would give them an ally in East Asia, which, in turn, would give it time to plan more attempts and new victory against communism. Thus, they fought against the Japanese settlement as an excuse to free the territory in the name of democracy. However, the Soviet Union was also very interested in the area for the same reasons: a new ally and victory against capitalism. Anyways, the whole territory was firstly freed under the name of United Nations, towards democracy, for support free peoples who are resenting attempt subjugation. However both powers claimed their part very soon. Both powers set up a divisor line along the 38th parallel, where the North would be under Soviet aim and the South by American intervention. Then, although elections were held in South Korea (August 1938) supported by UN, Russia rejected to do so in the North. The South became the independent Republic of Korea and the North adopted the name of Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, very much in the lines of Chinese system. The tension now remained very high at either sides of the line. Since the president of North Korea by the time, Kin IL Sung might have been encouraged by the Chinese government and Russia with military supplies to test USA President, Trumans determination, showing him that communism was the dominant power in Pacific Asia, also with the promise of spreading further very soon. At that stage, the domino theory was beginning in American minds. This concept applies to the idea that the fall of one state to a common system would lead inexorably to a series of the same. Therefore, if communism triumphed in China and Korea was already under its influence, the wave could have an unlimited repercussion in the entire area of South-East Asia. Thus, behind these ideas, American troops were ordered to Korea to withdraw North Koreans troops after their invasion in the south republic, together with forces from another 14 countries all under the command of General McArthur. However, afterwards, South Korea was almost taken by North Korea troops but American troops regained control in the territory later and also two thirds of North Korea, in its advance northwards. With this movement, they eventually placed a fleet between Taiwan and China mainland. Thus, China now feared them to help Chiang Kai-Shek troops from the island to come again and conquer the region of Manchuria as the most important industrial and strategic area. This attempt, if successful, would cut off the problem of communism in Asia, since China would turn back to democracy and therefore either North Korea would remain isolated or without Chinese help, she would not be able to survive in the area for long. These reasons made the Chinese government launch a massive counter offensive in 1951 that captured South Korea capital again. Now McArthur was afraid of Chinese power and thought that the best strategy to defeat communism in the area was only possible with atomic bombs. With this new horizon within the fight, president Truman feared a large-scale war that would provoke a nuclear war, which USA did not want. It pointed out the American limitations that would enclose them within the fight: they feared communism because the nuclear power that could destroy them, but the only force capable to defeat it was their nuclear power, something that, however, they could not use since it would drag them into a fatal war. Thus, now, the only American possibility focused to settle in East Asia to contain communism there: in January 1951 UN troops expelled the North Koreans troops from South Korea and fortified the frontier, until in July 1953, both countries firmed a peace agreement that stated the limit at the 38th parallel. After American impossibility for annexation of territories in East Asia, the new step had to be focused in the South, due to the independence of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia from the French Union (Geneva Agreement, 1954). Then, Vietnam was temporarily divided into two countries, and analogously as Korea, the frontier was established at another parallel, in this case the 17th one. In 1956, elections were to be held in the whole country, but they never were and only in South Vietnam a referendum was held in 1955, which gave Ngo Dinh Diem as the president. He did not want to hold elections for the whole country and USA, with Eisenhower as the new president feared much more intensely the domino effect. Moreover, Diem was unable to rule the country, mainly because he was very unpopular among the peasants, which furthover, in the future encouraged unwilling towards American presence in the south and appetence for communism. At this stage the Vietcong (the guerrillas) in the south were receiving supplies, equipment and troops from North Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh, who was leader of the resistance against French Union and who wanted communism to rule the country, thought that giving aid to South Vietnam against Diem, national elections would not be held and to unify the countries forces would be necessary. Thus, the next American presidencies had to launch a very strong campaign to stop the communism wave in Vietnam: -Kennedy (1961-3) tried to keep American involvement against the guerrilla, by sending advisors, military equipment and enclosing local peasants into fortified villages to isolate the Vietcong outside. However, this failed since most of the peasants were members of the Vietcong. -Johnson (1963-9) decided to bomb North Vietnam (1965), as he thought that Ho Chi Minh controlled directly the Vietcong. He also sent half million troops in the south. However, due to the great pressure of American public against the war, since they saw the conflict as a total failure, Johnson stopped the bombing in March 1968, although he did not want to withdraw. -Nixon (1969-74) based his plan in the new concept of Vietnamization: As public opinion did not allow him to send more troops to Vietnam, he would use the ones that were already there to re-army the Vietnamese army keep their own defence. That would allow gradually American troops to withdraw. However, he began a new wave of bombing in the north, but this time including Cambodia and Laos, as they were receiving supplies and troops from North Vietnam. Despite all the measures and policies, at the end of 1972, the Vietcong controlled almost the entire territory and several factors obligated the American intervention to reach the end. Eventually a ceasefire was agreed in January 1973. Then, American troops were withdrawn and in 1975 the Vietcong unified the whole country under a communism government by occupying Saigon, the capital of South Vietnam. Also in Laos and Cambodia the system was established the same year. Taking all these explanations into account, I can state that there were slight differences between the American policies in both the Korean and the Vietnamese wars. The main reason was the potential force used in each one, and China played an important part. It applies to the fact that the attack against them was not as ruthless as in Vietnam, mainly due to Chinese power. While in Vietnam neither China nor Russia supported the army as directly as in Vietnam, in Korea China was directly involved since the problem was slighted related with the relationship between USA and Chiang Kai-Shek troops. For China, American troops recovered Manchuria, they would give back China mainland to them. Communist China was not willing to accept that, and USA knew that she was capable of fighting bravely to an extent that USA did not want to test, since the split of the Sino-Soviet agreement left China in an uncertain situation from the international point of view: We do not want the fighting in Korea to expand into a general war. Therefore, American government did not risk indeed and the only price was to lose North Korea. Nevertheless, in Vietnam they could use a more violent system as they communist China was already established and did not fear USA any more. Moreover, the conflict was seen under UN eyes: solely for the purpose of restoring the Republic to its status prior to the invasion. For international support, it was a fight towards the human rights, since North Korea under communism did not want to hold elections. However, UN never supported the war in Vietnam and the international view of the war and American methods to be victorious pressed the government to reach the end of the conflict. Therefore, differences between the both wars was mainly due to internal factors of each country, but especially the foreign intervention that encouraged or restrained American actions to act in one way or another.